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Diversity, distribution and phylogeny of members of the anamorphic genus Chalara
Seifertová, Petra ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Haňáčková, Zuzana (referee)
The genus Chalara includes anamorphic, microscopic species of fungi with a typical morphological structure of conidiogenous cell - a phialide with basal venter, long tubular collarette which is producing hyaline, cylindrical conidia. This feature is simple and in the evolution was developed several times. Species of the genus Chalara are associated with some teleomorphic species in subphylum Pezizomycotina, most of them in order Helotiales. The genus is dispersed all over the world and not prefer some special substrate or ecological requirements (from saprobes to parasites). The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to give an overview of diversity, substrate preferences of species, their position in a system and a recapitulation from the first phylogenetic opinions which were based on morphological features to nowadays perceptions with molecular data. Key words: phylogeny, Chaetochalara, Infundichalara, Xenochalara, teleomorph
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Mating system and species concept in heterothallic species of Aspergillus section Fumigati
Dudová, Zuzana ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Mencl, Karel (referee)
The aim of this study was to determine the species boundaries within the Aspergillus viridinutans species complex. The species belonging to this complex are predominantly soil- inhabiting organisms that are increasingly reported as opportunistic human and animal pathogens. A total number of 98 isolates from various substrates and countries was subjected to morphological, physiological and molecular analysis (calmodulin, β-tubulin, actin and RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene) and mating experiments were provided on different media and temperatures. Some other heterothallic species from section Fumigati with unknown sexual state were analysed using similar method as well. Key words: Aspergillus viridinutans, Aspergillus turcosus, phylogenetic analysis, mating- type genes, anamorph, teleomorph, mating experiments, MAT1-1, MAT1-2
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Induction of sporulation and sexual state formation in Ascomycota (Fungi)
Dudová, Zuzana ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotný, David (referee)
The aim of this study was to summarize factors that induce sporulation of anamorph and fruiting body formation in ascomycetous fungi. These factors are, depending on a species, light, water, air and nutrients availability, presence of various chemical compounds and osmolarity. Specific media and cultivation conditions used for sporulation induction are reviewed. I concentrated on mating type (MAT) genes and genes involved in the process of conidiation in the chapter about genetic background of fructification and sporulation. Key words: sporulation, fruiting body formation, MAT genes, mating factors, anamorph, teleomorph, Ascomycota, homothallism, heterothallism.
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